Work, wages and livelihood

Finland in Figures is an information package about Finland and Finns. 

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Population aged 15 to 74 by activity

  2020 2021 2022 2023
Population aged 15 to 74, thousand 4 133 4 123 4 120 4 131
Labour force 2 704 2 766 2 809 2 832
Employed 2 495 2 555 2 619 2 628
Unemployed 209 212 190 204
Inactive population 1 429 1 357 1 310 1 299
Labour force rate, % 65,4 67,1 68,2 68,5
Unemployment rate, % 7,7 7,7 6,8 7,2
Males 8,1 8,2 7,1 7,9
Females 7,4 7,1 6,4 6,5
Employed by type of employment relationship, thousand  
Full-time work 2 078 2 073 2 108 2 111
Part-time work 415 473 488 488
Employed by employer sector, thousand  
Private 1) 1 866 1 914 1 957 1 944
Public sector 2) 3) 622 623 642 662
Employed by status in employment, thousand  
Employees 2 151 2 193 2 265 2 292
Self-employed persons and unpaid family workers 343 361 354 336
Annual hours actually worked per employee, hours/year  
Total 1 572 1 557 1 536 1 528
Private sector 1) 1 583 1 570 1 557 1 548
Public sector 2) 3) 1 546 1 526 1 479 1 473

1) The private sector comprises those whose employer is a company (including state majority-owned or municipality-owned companies), a private person, an enterprise, a foundation, a cooperative or an association, and those who are self-employed or own-account workers. Non-profit institutions, such as the church and parishes, are also included in the private sector.

2) Municipalities and joint municipal authorities comprise the municipal administration, the municipal school system, as well as the unincorporated service institutions and establishments of municipalities and joint municipal authorities, such as health centres, hospitals, day-care centres and unincorporated enterprises of municipalities and joint municipal authorities

3) The central government sector includes state administration, universities, the Social Insurance Institution, unincorporated state enterprises and social security funds

Employment rate, %

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Employed persons aged 15 to 74 by industry

Industry TOL 2008 2020 2021 2022 2023
Thousand persons
Agriculture, forestry and fishing; mining and quarrying  100 107 102

96

Manufacturing; electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning and water supply; sewerage and waste management 357 351 366 375
Construction 194 189 184 182
Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles 272 291 290 282
Transportation and storage 139 135 136 134
Accommodation and food service activities 83 86 100 97
Information and communication 122 126 134 139
Financial, insurance and real estate activities 76 74 77 78
Professional, scientific and technical activities; administrative and support service activities 304 315 333 335
Public administration and defence; compulsory social security 111 117 122 125
Education 177 181 184 193
Human health and social work activities 402 410 415 419
Arts, entertainment and recreation; other service activities 150 157 156 152
Industry unknown 7 16 18 20
Total 2 495 2 555 2 619 2 628

Employees aged 15 to 74 by type of employment relationship and gender

Year Employees Permanent full-time work Fixed-term work
Males Females Males Females Males Females
Thousand persons % of employees
2019 1 085 1 100 86,9 81,4 13,1 18,6
2020 1 069 1 082 87,5 82,5 12,5 17,5
2021 1 085 1 109 86,0 80,7 14,0 19,3
2022 1 114 1 151 85,2 80,4 14,8 19,6
2023 1 116 1 176 85,8 80,9 14,2 19,1

Unemployed, aged 15 to 74 years of age

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Unemployment rate

Year Total Males Females Total
Aged 15 to 74 Aged 15 to 24 
% % % %
2010 8,6 9,4 7,7 22,0
2011 8,0 8,7 7,2 20,3
2012 7,9 8,6 7,1 19,5
2013 8,3 9,1 7,5 20,6
2014 8,7 9,6 7,8 20,5
2015 9,4 10,2 8,6 22,5
2016 8,9 9,4 8,4 20,5
2017 8,7 9,1 8,3 20,0
2018 7,5 7,7 7,2 17,3
2019 6,8 7,3 6,2 17,7
2020 7,7 8,1 7,4 21,0
2021 7,7 8,2 7,1 17,1
2022 6,8 7,1 6,4 14,2
2023 7,2 7,9 6,5 16,2

Index of wage and salary earnings, average annual changes, 1975–2023*

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* preliminary data

Index of wage and salary earnings by employer sector, 1965–2023*

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* preliminary data

Total earnings by employer sector, 2022

Employer sector Median of total earnings, €/month Full-time employees
Total Men Women
Private sector 3 500 3 752 3 179 1 056 326
Local government 3 102 3 458 3 045 372 055
Central government 4 051 4 355 3 656 73 581
Total 3 411 3 753 3 136 1 501 962

Total earnings by level of education and age, 2022

Full-time employees

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Total earnings by occupation, 2022

Category of occupation Median of total earnings, €/month Full-time employees
Total Men Women
Managers 7 094 7 696 6 089 54 870
- Managing directors and chief executives 11 570 12 020 10 314 2 546
Professionals 4 354 4 744 4 056 446 071
- Medical doctors 7 827 8 116 7 648 12 321
- Primary school and early childhood teachers 3 216 3 802 3 157 43 660
Technicians and associate professionals 3 465 3 924 3 200 336 546
- Nursing and midwifery associate professionals 3 254 3 601 3 222 55 226
- Sales and purchasing agents and brokers 4 190 4 520 3 808 44 325
Clerical support workers 2 883 3 000 2 849 94 205
- Numerical clerks 2 948 2 993 2 944 18 311
Service and sales workers 2 641 2 845 2 581 242 011
- Shop salespersons 2 665 2 938 2 554 49 447
- Child care workers and teachers' aides 2 363 2 289 2 368 39 339
- Personal care workers in health services 2 851 2 910 2 844 82 154
Craft and related trades workers 3 223 3 264 2 827 114 167
Plant and machine operators, and assemblers 3 195 3 284 2 802 109 029
- Heavy truck and bus drivers 3 218 3 226 3 077 25 621
Domestic, hotel and office cleaners and helpers 2 198 2 162 2 202 36 376

Income in state taxation and income recipients, taxes and charges, 2022

Individual taxpayers and death estates

Income bracket, € Income recipients, thousand Income subject to taxation, € million Taxes och charges, € million
– 9 999 1 338 12 330 801
10 000–19 999 862 16 949 2 175
20 000–29 999 855 25 741 3 907
30 000–39 999 715 28 734 5 418
40 000–49 999 429 21 746 4 925
50 000–59 999 237 14 557 3 702
60 000–69 999 132 9 577 2 638
70 000–79 999 80 6 638 1 930
80 000–89 999 49 4 645 1 411
90 000–99 999 32 3 338 1 064
100 000–149 999 63 8 216 2 828
150 000– 34 12 207 4 511
Total 4 827 164 679 35 311

At-risk-of-poverty

Persons at-risk-of-poverty are those whose household’s disposable monetary income per consumption unit is below  60% of the median income of all households

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1) Long-term low-income earners are those who have belonged to low-income households in two years within the three previous years

Financial assets of households

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Households' withdrawals of new housing loans

New housing loans withdrawn from Finnish financial institutions

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Household consumption expenditure

  1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2021* 2022*
%
Housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels 18,6 18,2 24,4 25,7 30,5 30,0 29,7
Food and non-alcoholic beverages 21,3 16,3 12,6 12,1 12,5 12,2 12,0
Transport 14,4 14,5 13,2 12,3 10,4 10,8 11,1
Recreation and culture 10,2 11,2 11,3 11,9 9,3 9,1 9,2
Restaurants and hotels 6,4 7,7 6,4 6,3 5,3 5,3 6,5
Health 2,1 2,9 3,8 4,4 5,0 5,1 5,0
Furnishings, household equipment and routine household maintenance 6,1 5,4 4,8 5,3 5,1 5,2 4,9
Alcoholic beverages, tobacco and narcotics 6,3 6,6 5,8 5,1 5,3 5,0 4,5
Clothing and footwear 6,1 5,6 4,6 4,8 3,4 3,6 3,6
Communication 1,1 1,4 3,1 2,5 2,5 2,4 2,4
Education 0,2 0,3 0,5 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,3
Miscellaneous goods and services 7,2 9,8 9,4 9,1 10,3 10,9 10,9
Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

* preliminary data

Commuting

Year Commuters to the area Persons working in their municipality of residence
Total % Total %
1990 509 861 21,9 1 822 421 78,1
2000 610 938 27,4 1 617 619 72,6
2010 751 778 32,3 1 573 901 67,7
2020 801 967 35,1 1 482 706 64,9
2021 847 509 35,7 1 529 617 64,3
2022 865 537 35,7 1 558 011 64,3

Regional division as on 1 January 2023

Main topic: Work, wages and livelihood

 

More statistical figures in the StatFin database

Finland in Figures only includes the key figures on Finland and Finns. You can find more figures on various sectors of society in the easy-to-use StatFin database.

The database also provides regional data, such as the population of municipalities.

Last updated 7 Mar 2024