Fuel classification 2010
Definitions for classification of fuels and energy sources
Petroleum products
111 Petroleum gases
- 1111 Refinery gas
- Refinery gas is gas recovered from the oil refining process
used as an energy source. The category also includes fuel gases
from the petrochemical industry.
- 1112 LPG (Liquefied petroleum gas)
- LPG is a mixture of propane and butane or propane.
112 Light distillates
- 1121 Naphtha
- Naphtha is a light distillate that is not much used as energy
source. It is mostly used as a solvent or feed stock in
petrochemical industry.
- 1122 Motor gasoline
- 1123 Aviation gasoline
- Aviation gasoline is a special product for small
airplanes.
113 Medium heavy distillate
- 1131 Kerosene (Jet fuel)
- Kerosene is used as a fuel for jet turbines.
- 1132 Other kerosenes
- Other kerosenes include such as motor kerosene, paraffin and
paraffin oil.
- 1133 Diesel oil
- Diesel oil is a fuel for diesel motors, which is most commonly
used in lorries, buses and coaches and vans and in part of
passenger cars.
- 1134 Gasoil (heating fuel oil)
- Gasoil is a medium distillate, which is used particularly for
oil heating of detached houses and other small houses, as a fuel
for industrial drying, melting and combustion furnaces and as a
fuel for various heating and drying apparatuses. Several types of
light fuel oil are sold under different product names. Diesel oil
and light fuel oil belong to gas oils. The sulphur content limit
for light fuel oil is 0.1 percentage of weight. In Finland
identifying agents (e.g. red colour) are added to light fuel oil to
distinguish it from diesel oil. If the fuel oil includes bio
components (bio oil), which are reported separately, they should be
reported in category 322 Liquid biofuels.
- 1135 Gasoil, off-road use
- Gasoil for off-road use is a fuel applicable for use in diesel
motors of moving off-road machinery. It is diesel oil that is
marked by colouring as more lightly taxed oil. The sulphur content
limit for gasoil for off-road use is 50 mg/kg.
- 1139 Other medium distillates
- Other medium distillates include special products corresponding
to light fuel oil.
114 Heavy distillates
- Heavy distillates are produced from an undistilled cut of crude
oil, which is used as a fuel for large oil heating plants and
stations, industrial melting and combustion furnaces, and ships and
diesel plants.
- 1141 Heavy fuel oil, low sulphur (< 1 %)
- 1142 Heavy fuel oil, high sulphur(> 1
%)
- 1143 Other heavy distillates
- Other heavy distillates include special products such as extra
heavy bottom oil and other bottom oils.
115 Petroleum coke
- Includes coke produced from oil by distillation and catalytic
FCC and TCC coke by cracking.
116 Recycled and waste oils
- The oils that are recovered from use after possible refining
and are utilised as energy sources.
119 Other petroleum products
- This category includes oil products not belonging to other
categories, such as process gas produced from heavy fuel oil.
Please specify which oil products are reported in this group.
Coal
121 Hard coal
- Hard coal refers to a solid organic fossil fuel whose calorific
value in an ash-free substance is over 24 MJ per kg. Types of hard
coal are mainly classified by the amount of volatile matter and
calorific value.
- 1211 Anthracite
- Anthracite is the oldest by geological age and the most
advanced type of hard coal with a low content of volatile matter.
The net calorific value of anthracite is highest, about 33 MJ per
kg.
- 1212 Hard coal, bituminous
- Includes types of coal whose calorific value is at least 24 MJ
per kg, excluding anthracite.
122 Other coal
- 1221 Semi-bituminous coal, brown coal, lignite
- Brown coal is the youngest coal by geological age. It is less
carbonised than hard coal but it contains more volatile components
such as hydrogen and oxygen. The calorific value of brown coal is
under 24 MJ per kg. .
- 1222 Coal briquettes
- Pieces of certain size produced from hard coal by adding
binding agents.
- 1228 Coal tar
- Tar formed of hard coal in connection with the production of
coke.
- 1229 Other non-specified coal
- Coal other than belonging to the categories above. Please
specify which coal product is used as a fuel.
123 Coke
- Coke is a fuel produced from hard coal by pyrolysis. The
category also includes semi-coke.
124 Coke oven gas
- Gas obtained as a by-product from the production of coke,
containing hydrogen and light hydrocarbon gases. Gas is used as an
energy source at coking plants and elsewhere in the iron and steel
industry.
125 Blast furnace gas
- Blast furnace gas produced in a blast furnace, which is used
after refining as a fuel for heating and energy production. This
group also includes CO gas comparable to blast furnace gas.
Natural gas
131 Natural gas
- Natural gas contains primarily methane and some other light
hydrocarbons. Natural gas is used as an energy source in
manufacturing industry and energy production. Natural gas can also
be used as a transport fuel and as a feed stock in the production
of hydrogen.
Peat
- Peat is an organic type of soil generated as a result of slow
decay of marsh plants, decomposed incompletely and stored in the
habitat under extremely wet conditions. Peat is used as a fuel
after drying. Snag trees among peat are considered as part of peat.
If wood or other fuel has been added to peat, each fuel is reported
separately.
211 Milled peat
- Milled peat is a fine powder milled from the peatland surface.
Typical properties as fired: moisture content 40-50 %, net
calorific value 9-11 GJ/t.
212 Sod peat
- Sod peat is peat compressed into pieces and separated from the
peatland surface. Typical properties as fired: moisture content
35-40 %, net calorific value 11-13 GJ/t.
213 213 Peat pellets and briquettes
- Peat pellets and briquettes are a fuel produced from dried
powdered peat by compression. Typical properties as fired: moisture
content 5-10 %, net calorific value 17-21 GJ/t.
Biomass
311 Forest fuelwood
- Includes wood harvested for energy use collected from forests
or energy wood plantations, etc.
- 3111 Firewood (stems and split firewood)
- The raw material of chopped firewood is firewood (usually 1 m
in length) or culled diameter stem. Chopped firewood is chopped and
cut furnace-ready firewood used in households' wood-heated
equipment, such as stoves, fireplaces and central heating systems.
Typical properties as fired: moisture content 20-25 %, net
calorific value 13-15 GJ/t.
- 3112 Whole tree chips (from roundwood)
- Chips made from culled stem wood or from the entire
superterranean biomass of the tree (stem wood, branches, needles).
Typical properties as fired: moisture content 40-55 %, net
calorific value 7-11 GJ/t.
- 3113 Forest residue chips
- After harvesting of commercial timber, chips or chippings made
from branches and tree tops. Also includes chips or chippings
produced from twig logs or stumps. Typical properties as fired:
moisture content 40-60 %, net calorific value 6-11 GJ/t.
312 Industrial wood residues
- Wood residue or by-product produced in the wood processing or
other industry used as an energy source.
- 3121 Bark
- Bark residue derived from commercial timber by different
debarking techniques. Typical properties as fired: moisture content
45-65 %, net calorific value 5-11 GJ/t.
- 3122 Sawdust, cutter shavings etc.
- Residue from sawing and planing or grinding of timber. Also
includes grinding powder and other wood dust. Typical properties as
fired: Sawdust - moisture content 45-60 %, net calorific value 6-10
GJ/t; Cutter shavings and grinding powder - moisture content 5-15
%, net calorific value 16-18 GJ/t.
- 3123 Wood residue chips or chippings
- Chips or chippings from industrial wood residue (wood strips,
offcuts, veneers in the board industry, plywood edges, etc.) and
unbarked or barked chips or chippings produced as by-products by
the wood industry, which do not contain halogenated organic
compounds, heavy metals or plastics. Typical properties as fired:
Wood residue chippings - moisture content 10-60 %, net calorific
value 6-17 GJ/t; Plywood residue - moisture content 5-15 %, net
calorific value 10-19 GJ/t.
- 3128 Unspecified industrial wood residue
- Includes industrial wood residue composed of at least two of
the above categories (e.g. bark and sawdust), which cannot be
separated even by an approximate estimate.
- 3129 Other industrial wood residue
- Includes other wood residue classified as biofuels (e.g. from
the construction material industry), which do not contain
halogenated organic compounds, heavy metals and other such
impurities.
313 Black liquor and other concentrated liquors
- Includes black liquor and sulphite-based chemical liquor.
314 Other by-products from wood processing industry
- Includes other industrial by-products and waste products
derived from wood by the wood industry, such as pine oil, birch
oil, turpentine, pitch, tar, potassium soap, fibre-containing
sludge (0 fibre), weak and strong odour gases and refuse paper not
fit for material recycling created in paper production, or other
paper, cardboard, paperboard or viscose waste.
315 Recovered wood
- Clean wood residue classified as a biofuel or disposed wood or
wood product, which does not contain coatings or halogenated
organic compounds and heavy metals. For example, wood residue, wood
or loading pallets.
316 Wood pellets and briquettes
- Compressed wood made by compression from sawdust, shavings and
grinding dust. Typical properties as fired: moisture content 8-10
%, net calorific value 15-18 GJ/t.
317 Vegetable-based fuels
- Vegetable-based fuels include field biomass and residues, and
waste from other than arboreal plants, as well as vegetable-based
by-products from the food industry. These are cereal, reed canary
grass, straw, reed grass, turnip rape and linen.
- 3171 Reed canary grass
- Reed canary grass is an energy plant used as fuel. It is
usually burned as mixed fuel together with peat and wood. The
components of the mixture are reported separately in their own
respective fuel categories.
- 3172 Cereal crops and straw parts
- Cereals or parts of cereal crops such as straw used as
fuel.
- 3179 Övriga vegetabiliska bränslen
- This category includes, among other things, vegetable-based
by-products from food production or the food industry. Please
report the products that have been used as fuel.
318 Animal-based fuels
- Animal-based fuels include such as meat and bone flour and
animal fats. The category also includes dung and litter. Please
specify which products have been used as a fuel.
Other biofuels and mixed fuels
321 Biogas
- Biogas is the result of a microbiological process, where
organic waste is decomposed due to bacterial activity in an
anaerobic state.
- 3211 Landfill gas
- Biogas recovered from landfills. Methane content around
40-55 %.
- 3212 Biogas from wastewater treatment
- Biogas produced in wastewater treatment plants. Methane content
around 60-75%.
- 3213 Industrial biogas
- Biogas recovered from industrial processes (e.g. the food and
forest industry). Methane content around 70-80%.
- 3219 Other biogas
- Includes biogas produced from farm waste, for example. Methane
content around 55-65%.
322 Liquid biofuels
- Liquid biofuels include fuels based on biomass or vegetable oil
produced for transport or heating use, such as biodiesel and fuel
ethanol. Pine oil and methanol derived from the wood processing
industry is included in category '314 Other industrial by-products
and waste products'.
323 Mixed fuels (fossil and non-fossil)
- Mixed fuels refer to fuels containing both fossil and renewable
(biodegradable) coal.
- 3231 Recovered fuels
- Fuel produced from sorted municipal solid, enterprise or
industrial waste, such as REF, RDF, energy waste or dry waste. The
category also includes unsorted municipal solid waste.
- 3232 Demolition wood
- Wood waste from the demolition of buildings and structures
containing coatings or other impurities, and does not thus belong
to category '315 Recycled wood'.
- 3233 Impregnated wood (chemically treated)
- Impregnated wood products, e.g. railway sleepers.
- 3234 Deinking sludge
- Fibrous sludge from the deinking process of recycled paper,
which is used after desiccation as fuel in energy production.
Contains carbonates and is therefore classified as mixed fuel.
- 3238 Municipal waste (unsorted)
- Unsorted municipal waste that is used as fuel in energy
production.
- 3239 Other mixed fuels
- Other mixed fuels and gases not belonging to the categories
above, such as unspecified industrial waste and de-inking waste. If
the fossil part of these fuels is not specified separately, they
are counted as totally fossil in the emissions trading system.
324 Gasified waste (Product gas)
- Fuel gas produced from solid raw materials in a thermal
gasification process. The energy of product gas is reported as the
energy content of its raw materials, in other words inclusive of
losses from the gasification process. In energy statistics product
gas is recorded as its raw materials.
325 Biosludge
- Includes sludge from municipal waste water treatment, which is
used as fuel after desiccation. Fibrous sludges from the wood
processing industry are reported in category 314, Other by-products
from wood processing industry.
Nuclear energy
411 Nuclear energy
Other energy sources
491 Other by-products and wastes used as fuel
- Solid and liquid waste and by-products not belonging to other
categories used as an energy source.
- 4911 Plastics waste
- Includes various plastics waste, e.g. mobile phone covers.
- 4912 Rubber waste
- Includes various rubber waste, such as car tyres and other
waste rubber.
- 4913 Hazardous waste
- 4919 Other waste
- Waste not belonging to any of the above categories.
492 Exothermic heat from industry
- Industrial reaction heat refers to heat generated as a
by-product of an exothermic heat-transferring chemical reaction in
an industrial process (such as calcination, catalytic process). The
energy content of the formed heat has not previously been included
in the usage figures of any other energy sources. Reaction heat is
utilised in electricity and/or heat generation and it replaces
other primary energy. This category also includes heat recovered
from combustion gases not included in the net calorific value of
fuels, which lowers the need for other primary energy.
493 Secondary heat from industry
- Secondary heat/energy recovered from industry, which is used
for production of electricity and/or heat (such as heat recovered
from a ground wood or refining plant). Secondary heat utilised in
industry has to be included as a 'fuel' of electricity and heat
production so that the efficiency would not rise above 100 per cent
at the plant level.
494 Electricity
- Electricity used in heat pumps and electric boilers.
495 Steam
- Steam acquired from outside for energy production.
497 Sulphur
- Sulphur generated in processes, which is used as fuel in energy
production.
498 Hydrogen
499 Other non-specified energy sources
- Fuels or energy sources not belonging to the categories above.
Please specify which products are used as a energy source.
Päivitetty
22.1.2010
Vaihde (09) 17 341
